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This unit 16 covers conditionals and reported/direct speech. Conditional expressions seem easy enough to understand and say but when looking closer at their construction you realize they are fairly complex and fall into different categories. The categories presented here are Zero, first, second, third and mixed conditionals each one with its specific intention one might say. Zero conditional is dealing with facts. There is a condition and a consequence "when it rains the ground gets wet". The first conditional is also a condition but with a real, certain or possible consequence "If I get a raise, I might go on a trip". The second and third conditionals use the past and even more hypothetical conditions to express something. The last form of conditional presented here is Mised. It mixes the past perfect with a base form "If I had had a raise, I would be moving now." There are different ways of teaching these different forms of the conditional and making students understand the forms can be quite challening. As always it is important to offer plenty of practice in games and role play.
The other part of the unit discusses or teaches direct speech vs reported speech. Here the challenge is to remember that when you repeat a direct speech you need to report it in the correct past tense to avoid confusion. It is remarkably easy to confuse concepts here when referring to yesterday or tomorrow. John/Jane said, "I will go to the movies tomorrow". becomes John/Jane said that he/she would go to the movies the next day" . Something the video highlights but not the written unit is when commands or imperatives are used and how they are reported. For example if someone tells you "Don't smoke" a reported speech would be "The conductor told us not to smoke". A teacher tells the students to "sit down" can be reported as: The teacher said that we should sit down. We were told by the teacher to sit down. The game to be played with direct to reported speech is Domino Cards. One card has a direct speech phrase another the reported speech phrase and the students need to find the match.
