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The learning of a language includes learning both receptive and productive skills. Productive skills are those that include the use of language for writing and speaking, where you are producing ideas using the targeted language. Receptive skills are those where you use the language for reading and listening in the targeted language, meaning you are receiving information in the targeted language. We use this skills for an specific purpose or just for our own entertainment.
Even though during a lesson we might concentrate on one or two of these skills, the teacher must balance the learning of all four skills since they are all equally important and necessary for the overall learning experience of the student and to be able to successfully manage the language.
To successfully read and write on the targeted language, one must be able to use different specialists skills like predictive skills to guess the content from just reading/listening the headline or introduction; scanning for specific information and just overlooking the rest of the content; skimming for a general idea, which means quickly going thru the entire text or listening without completely focusing but making sure we get a general idea of the content; reading/listening for detailed information when we are concentrated and trying to understand every detail to gain full benefit and finally, being able to deduct from the context in which words or phrases are used, being able to understand beyond the literal meaning.
In order to have a successful lesson the teacher will sometimes need to pre-teach some vocabulary and always carefully select the material making sure it suits the language level and abilities of students and also that it gives them confidence on their skills. The topics to be chosen, and the activities that go with them, must be selected considering the different interests of students so we can keep them focused and engaged. The teacher should also try to create interest on the topic during the engage phase by planning activities that will have students predict the topic, talk about it or briefly discuss their ideas related to it.
