Gratiot, Wisconsin TESOL Online & Teaching English Jobs

Past tenses ---Past Simple Form Regular verbs: Past Simple Ex. Affirmative Form Add -ed or -d to base form I worked, I baked Negative Form Add did not or didn't before the base form I didn't work, I didn't bake Question Add did + subject before base form Did you work? Did you bake? Irregular Verbs 'to be' --> only simple past verb with two forms according to person. I was You were S/he was We were It was They were Students will have to learn irregular simple past forms (not created by adding 'ed') by memorization. There are no rules that establish which verbs are irregular or how to form them. For example: Present Past Eat Ate Let Let Sleep Slept Past simple = actions completed at a definite time in the past. Time is given Time is asked about Context indicates action occurred at a definite time (time is not explicitly mentioned) Q&A in present perfect -->Time becomes definite I arrived yesterday. When did you meet him? *How did you get your present job? Q: Where have you been? She left ten minutes early. A: I've been to the gym. The use of 'did' and 'did not' are common mistakes that students make with this tense. Note that this can lead to confusion with the present perfect tense. Activate Teaching Ideas Teach irregular verb forms using card games, i.e. memory pairs Tell stories with past continuous and past perfect CV Holiday/major events/ interview role-play ---Past continuous Past continuous = action in progress at a particular time in the past. Used for past actions that were interrupted, actions that began before a certain time and continued through that time, and describing past conditions. Present participle (v. + -ing) added to past tense of aux verb 'be' Past Continuous Ex. Affirmative Form Subject + was/were +verb +-ing I was having a bath. Negative Form Subject + was/were + not +verb + ing I was not exercising early this morning. Question Was/were + subject + verb +ing Were they eating when you arrived? • Requires reference to a past time except when it is referring the gradual development of actions. Common student mistakes include omission of 'to be' or the ending -ing and confusion with past simple. Activate Teaching Ideas Teaching ideas for the activate stage: Diaries, journals, narratives, 'detective games' ---Past Perfect Past perfect = past action + related past action before that; relating to two past actions in the past Past Perfect Ex. Affirmative Form Subject + had + past participle When I got home I realized I had lost my wallet. Negative Form Subject + had + past participle Oscar hadn't called her back so she was upset. Question Had +subject + past participle Had you been here before? Used to describe completely finished actions by viewing a past action from a viewpoint also in the past. 'When' and 'after' are commonly used to illustrate the end of one action in the past before the beginning of another action in the past. Activate Stage teaching ideas Story telling Talk about a past situation. Ask students what might have happened before to cause that past action. Tell a story backwards (start at the end and say what happened before) ---Past Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous Affirmative Form Subject + had + been + verb + -ing Negative Form Subject + had + not + been + verb + -ing Question Had + subject + been + verb + -ing The past perfect continuous form is used/taught less frequently than other tenses. It's primary use is to describe a continuous action that had been going on up until the specific moment to which we are referring. Ex. Before starting her homework, she had been watching Netflix for 4 hours. It's common for students to omit either of the auxiliary verbs and/or to add the -ing to the main form of the verb. Other frequent mistakes by students are usage related due to confusion with the past perfect tense/past continuous.