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This unit reviews the correct grammar for conditional sentences and reported speech.
Conditional sentences are those where a condition has to be satisfied in order for a second clause to happen as consequence. There are five main conditionals: the zero conditional which refers to actions, facts, that we know with certainty will happen if a condition is satisfied and for them we can use the conditional 'if' or 'when' since we have certainty; the first conditional refers to real situations in the future that will most likely happen if the condition is satisfied; the second conditional describes an hypothetical present or future situation with a very low likelihood of happening and it's therefore unlikely consequence; the third conditional refers to a hypothetical past action and it's hypothetical past consequence; and finally we have the mixed conditional which refers to a hypothetical past action which would have had a hypothetical present consequence.
Reported speech refers to sentences used when we are retelling what another person said or asked, usually at a past time. While using this sentences to report what others have said we need to make sure we change the following parts of speech: the tense of the verb in the sentences, since most likely we will be reporting the speech at a future time (He said 'I am happy' to 'He told me he WAS happy'); the pronoun used since we will be reporting what others have said (Ann and Bob said 'We are happy' to 'Ann and Bob said THEY were happy'); and also make sure we change time expressions since we are looking at the action from a different perspective in time (Gloria said 'I will call tomorrow' to 'Gloria told me she would call the day after').
