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Teaching a new language
Vocabulary, grammar, and functions
Students need four primary things in order to learn a new language: exposure, understanding of its meaning, understanding of how it is constructed, and the practicing/producing the language.
While grammar is said to be the 'tree trunk and branches' of the language, it is important to also include the 'leaves that add beauty and variety,' which are vocabulary and function. Thus, students should be introduced to a new language in a balanced way in order to make their learning manageable.
Vocabulary
Difficulty in teaching/learning vocabulary will depend on how similar the lesson is to the students' own language, to their existing knowledge, spelling and punctuation skill level, and appropriacy. Selecting vocabulary might prove difficult when selection words to teach. Consider the following when doing so:
Appropriacy to the students
Appropriacy to the task
Frequency/coverage
Teachability
Students will need to know:
The meaning of the vocabulary word
The use
Grammar (where does it belong?)
Interaction
Spelling
Punctuation
Grammar and Structure
Students will need to know: the meaning, the use, formation/language patterns, and spoken and written forms.
Language Functions
Function, in addition to grammar and vocabulary, is a component of language. Function lessons use the activation of language (activate phase of ESA lesson) Boomerang and patchwork lessons (refer to unit 3) are often the best for this type of lesson.
