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1. Nouns name people, place, things, animals, etc.
Main types:
-Proper (China, Earth, Kate)
-Abstract (loneliness, love)
-Collective (family)
-Common (book, table)
-Compound (snowball, sunrise)
Nouns may be:
-Countable (cup, plate)
-Uncountable (rice, flour)
2. Adjectives are used to describe nouns such as people or things
If there are more than one adjective, they must be put in particular order - size-age-colour-material+noun
Degrees of comparison:
-Comparative: adjectives of 1 or 2 syllables do add -er (happier, shorter), adjectives of more than 2 syllables do add -more (more beautiful)
-Superlative: adjectives of 1 or 2 syllables do add -est (happiest, shortest), adjectives of more than 2 syllables do add -most (most beautiful)
3. Articles
-Indefinite articles (a/an) indicate that the noun modified is indefinite, reffereing to any member of the group
-Definite articles (the) indicate that the noun is paricular or specific.
4. Verbs
-Action verbs (go,do)
-State verbs (feel, smell)
Verbs may be:
-Transitive verbs are followed directly by an object (cook, eat)
-Intransitive verbs cannot be followed directly by an object (go,come)
All verbs have the base form, it is called infinitife. Also ifinitive refers to the action as a whole and is formed by preceding the base form with -to (to go, to sleep).
-Auxiliary verbs do not have the meaning, they help form the tense or an expression by combining with present or parst participles or infinitives of other verbs (be, do, have).
5. Adverbs addmeaning or information to the action, quality or state denoted by a verb. Adverbs are formed by adding -ly to adgectives (slow-slowly). The right order of adverbs in a sentence is place-manner-time.
Main types:
-Manner (slowly, quickly)
-Place (there, here)
-Time (now,soon)
-Degree (very, really)
-Frequency (often, usually)
6. Gerund is the -ing form of a verb used as a noun (smoking,dreaming). It is used in the same way as a noun.
7. Pronouns are words that are used instead of more precise nouns or nouns phrases.
Main types:
-Personal (I,she,he)
-Reflexive (myself,herself)
-Possessive (mine,hers)
-Relative (who,which)
8.Prepositions show the relation between a noun or a pronoun and some other words in the sentence.
Main types:
-Time/date (at,on,by)
-Movement (from,to,into)
-Place (in,at,on)
9. Conjunctions connect wors or groups in a sentence.
-Join words of the same class
-Join clauses of sentences
