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Each tense has four aspects: simple, continuous, perfect and perfect continuous. So present tense is devided on present simple, present continuous, present perfect and present perfect continuous.
1.Present Simple
Form:
Affirmative (subject+base form)
Negative (subject+aux.verb "do"+not+base form)
Question (aux.verb "do"+subject+base form)
Usages:
Habitual or routine actions
Comments
Directions and instructions
Present stories
Newspaper headlines
Permanent situation and facts
Historical sequences
2.Present Continuous
Form:
Affirmative (subject+aux.verb "be"+verb+ing)
Negative (subject+aux.verb "be"+not+verb+ing)
Question (aux.verb "be"+subject+verb+ing)
Usages:
To talk about an action that is in progress at the time of speaking
To empesize frequent actions
To refer a regular action around a point of time
To describe developing situationBackground events in a present story
To talk about temporary actions that is not neccessarily in progress at the time of speaking
3. Present Perfect
Form:
Affirmative (subject+aux.verb "have"+past participle)
Negative (subject+aux.verb "have"+past participle)
Question (aux.verb "have"+subject+past participle)
Usages:
To describe past actions with present results
To talk about smt which began in the past and continuous at the time of speaking
To talk about completed actions at an indefinite time/general experience
To talk about completed actions carried out in an unfinished time period at the time of speaking
4. Present Perfect Continuous
Form:
Affirmative (subject+aux.verb "have"+been+verb+ing)
Negative (subject+aux.verb "have"+been+verb+ing)
Question (aux.verb "have"+subject+been+verb+ing)
Usages:
To describe recently finished, uniterrupted activity which has a present result
To communicate in complete and ongoing activity
