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This chapter signifies the usage of tenses in English language and methods of teaching tenses.
In this unit we have learnt the about present tense - typese ,forms ,usage, typical errors by students, and teaching ideas.
Present tense- The present tense predominantly describes a current event or state of being. However, somewhat unusually, the present tense can also be used to describe past and future events.
For example:
I jump in the lake every Saturday.
Do you play everyday.
present tense is simply divided into :
A) Present simple :-
Forms= affirmative -subject + base form (s or es)
e.g, I go .
negative - subject + aux. verb do + not + base form
e.g, I do not eat fish.
question ( interrogative ) - aux. verb do +subject + base form
e.g, Do you like this place.
Usage- habits, routines, commentaries, directions, instructions etc.
teaching ideas- questionnaire, find someone who, information gap.
Present continuous -
Forms
affirmative - subject + aux.verb be + verb + ing.
e.g, I am going ,she is going.
negative - subject + aux. verb be + not + verb+ ing.
e.g, I am not eating fish.
question ( interrogative ) - aux. verb be +subject + verb+ing
e.g,is she going to the market.
Usage- actions happening at the moment of speaking (now, at the moment)
fixed plans in the near future.
temporary actions.
unfinished actions.
teaching ideas - graphs, charts for the developing actions
mimes,picture of actions, pictionary
present perfect-
Forms = affirmative -subject + aux. verb have + past participle.
e.g, I have eaten my food.
negative - subject + aux. verb have + not + past participle.
e.g, I have not eaten .
question ( interrogative ) - aux. verb have +subject + past participle.
e.g, Have you eaten.
Usage = Describe something that happened in the past, but the exact time it happened is not important.
It has a relationship with the present.
Teaching ideas - what have you done today, role play, find someone who.
Present perfect continuous
forms = affirmative -subject + aux. verb have + been + verb +ing.
e.g, I have been eating .
negative - subject + aux. verb have + not + been + verb + ing.
e.g, I have not been working .
question ( interrogative ) - aux. verb have +subject + been + verb + ing
something started in the past and has continued up until now.
Usage= something started in the past and has continued up until now.
Actions that have just finished , But we are interested in the results.
teaching ideas = survey games , pick a chit.
at the end tenses have many exceptions as well as many rules are modified . but after teaching tenses it should be a clear concept for the students.
