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The focus of this unit is the methodologies, strategies and techniques behind teaching English as a second language. There are a number of methodologies followed by teachers and the efficacy of each is up for debate. However there is a general consensus on the importance of exposure to the language, mixture of communication tasks and technical study, input from the teacher, reduction of student's anxiety and stress, and the encouragement of student discovery. Additionally, lesson plans should follow the ESA approach, which includes an engage, study and activate phase. The engage phase uses games, music, pictures and more to increase student interest and to encourage them to start thinking in English. The study phase is a more technical phase that involves learning new English language concepts through planned exercises and drills. An important aspect of the study phase is eliciting students and encouraging them to discover the language instead of using too much teacher telling. Lastly, the activate stage is where students will use new knowledge and their own creativity to incorporate language they know and integrate new concepts. These stages can be used in a variety of sequences but all lessons should begin with the engage stage and end with the activate stage.
