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In English we have present, past and future tense, but we also have 4 aspects (simple, continuous, perfect and perfect continuous. This way we form the 12 tenses that we usually see in grammar books.
When we teach a tense we need to explain in wich situations we use it, e.g.:
Present simple: for facts, habits, historical sequences, commentaries, newspaper headlines, etc.
Present continue: activities happening now, temporal activities (not necessarily happening right now), etc.
Present perfect: experiences, actions done in the past with results in the present, something that happened in the past and it's still true, etc.
Present perfect continuous: to talk about uninterrupted, unfinished activities and their results, etc.
To teach these tenses we can use different activities:
Present simple: ask students to talk about their routines.
Present continuous: show them pictures and ask them: what is he/she doing?, to mime.
Present perfect: make a list with have you ever...? and make the students ask each other questions. This also helps to practice present perfect vs past simple:
A: have you ever met someone famous?
B: Yes, I have.
A: when did you meet this famous person?
Present perfect continuous: give the result, ask for the action, e.g.:
I'm sweating -> You have been exercising.
It's important to anticipate to the errors/mistakes the students could make or the difficulties that can come up in the lesson. This way the teacher can help his/her students in the best way.
