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Unit 3 discusses many teaching methodologies, these include: Grammar-translation, Audio-lingualism, PPP (Presentation, Practice, and Production), Task-Based Learning, Communicative Language Teaching, Community Language Learning, The silent way, Suggestopedia, The Lexical approach, and ESA (Engage, Study, and Activate).
Jeremy Harmer developed the ESA methodology. It has three phases: Engage, Study, and Activate. The main goal of the Engage phase is to get the students talking and thinking in English. This phase does not correct students but rather focuses on warm-up exercises that are fun and engaging.
The Study phase has two parts, boardwork and activities. In the boardwork part, teachers take the stage and generally introduce a new lesson or concept. In the activities part, students work on what they learned from the boardwork lesson, typically via a worksheet.
The Activate phase focuses on taking what was learned in the Study phase and putting it in a realistic context. This is sometimes achieved by placing students in small groups and having them come up with a short presentation about a topic given at the start of the phase.
The main thing I learned in this unit was that mistakes and errors are quite different. Mistakes are a part of the learning process and should not be thought of as a negative thing. They should not be corrected right away, as students will oftentimes correct themselves. Errors, on the other hand, are more ingrained and are in need of more immediate correction. This correction is necessary; otherwise errors could become compounded over time.
