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CONDITIONALS AND REPORTED SPEECH
Conditionals are sentences containing 'if' or 'when' which refer to past, present and future possibilities.
Five main conditionals;
a. Zero conditional - used to refer to activities and facts that are undeniable.
* form: if/when + present tense + present tense.
b. First conditional - talks about a real situation in the future that is possible, probable or certain once the condition has been satisfied.
* form: if/when + present simple + will
c. Second conditional - communicates a present or future' unreal' hypothetical situation that is presently not true and unlikely ever to be true.
* form: if + past simple would/could/might + base.
d. Third conditional - refers to a hypothetical past action (or non-action) and the hypothetical past consequence.
* form: if + past perfect would/could/might + have + past participle.
e. Mixed conditional - used to combine a second conditional clause with a third conditional clause.
* form: if + past perfect + would + base form.
Reported speech and direct speech - when we give information about what people say, we use direct or reported speech. when we turn direct speech to reported speech, the tense usually changes. the reason is, we are usually talking about a time in the past. e.g present simple changes to past simple. etc.
Pronouns - present becomes past.
Time expressions - these are modified if we are changing the tenses from the present to the past.
From this unit, I learned the right way to use conditionals in a sentence. I also learned the proper tenses to use in reported and direct speech.
