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Unit 4 covered the four present tenses; the present simple, present continuous, present perfect and present perfect continuous. The Unit dealt with the different types of forms, usage, mistakes and teaching ideas that you would typically find using the tenses.
The present simple tense we use to talk about something that is true in the present, when an actions is happening right now or when it happens regularly. The present simple affirmative grammatical form: subject+base form [+s/es] (I work). The present simple negative grammatical form: subject + aux.verb ‘do’ + not + base ( I don’t work ) . The present simple question grammatical form: aux.verb ‘do’ + subject + base form (Do I work?). Activities for the simple present tense included questionaries whereby students ask each other questions about their habitual actions or ‘find someone who…” in which the students have to interview one another in order to complete forms.
The present continuous tense is used to talk about things that are happening at the moment of speaking, to express longer actions not at this moment but in action or to indicate that something will or will not happen in the near future. The present continuous affirmative grammatical form: subject + aux.verb ‘be’ + verb +ing (I am learning). The present continuous negative grammatical form: subject + aux.verb ‘be’ + not + verb + ing ( I am not learning). The present continuous question grammatical form: aux.verb ‘be’ + subject + verb + ing ( Am I learning?). Teaching ideas for the present continues tense includes Mime; to demonstrate actions where then the students can guess the action or provide them with different information in the form of graphs they can use to describe any changes which are occurring.
The present perfect tense is used to describe something that happened in the past but the exact time it happened does not matter. The present perfect affirmative grammatical form: subject + aux.verb ‘have’ + past participle ( I have written). The present perfect negative grammatical form: subject + aux.verb ‘have’ + not + past participle ( I haven’t written).The present perfect question grammatical form: aux.verb ‘have’ + subject + past participle ( Have I written ). Teaching ideas for the present perfect tense include role play or students mime some actions and the others guess what they are using.
The present perfect continuous tense shows that something started in the past and is continuing at the present time. The present perfect continuous affirmative grammatical form: subject + aux.verb ‘have’ + been + verb + ing ( I have been dancing). The present perfect continuous negative grammatical form: subject + aux.verb ‘have’ + not + been + verb + ing (I haven’t been dancing). The present perfect continuous questions grammatical form: aux.verb ‘have’ + subject + been + verb+ ing (Have I been dancing?). teaching activities for the present perfect continuous tense include a student takes a piece of paper with past activities and a result written on it or students survey the class to find out who has been doing something the longest.
