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This unit focuses on modals, phrasal verbs and the passive voice.
Modals are also known as modal auxiliary verbs, and they are used to express obligation, possibility, probability, advice, ability, permission, prohibition as well as varying degrees of formality. Unlike other verbs, modal auxiliary verbs do not change forms based on whomever is speaking in both present and future meanings; they remain in their original form. Some modal auxiliary verbs are: can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would must, have to, have got to, need to, needn't and ought to.
Passive voice signifies that the subject/agent/'doer' of the action is LESS important than the object, or not important at all. This means removing the subject from the sentence all together or putting it after the verb and the object before the verb 'to be.'
Example #1:
My sister bought the car. (active)
The car was bought by my sister. (passive)
Example #2:
The test was administered yesterday. (passive)
*In this context, it's not important who administered the test so the 'doer' is removed/not present in the sentence.
Another important topic covered in this chapter is phrasal verbs, of which there are three types. Phrasal verbs are verbs that are made up of more than one word and are usually followed by one or two particles (preposition, adverb or adverb + preposition). The first type of such verbs is called an Intransitive. These are verbs that cannot be followed by a direct object: The driver didn't show up (arrive). The next is Transitive Separable in which an object pronoun can only come between the verb and the particle: Josephine put her up for the night (let her sleep over). And the last of the three type is Transitive Inseparable. This type of phrasal verbs are noticeable when the object phrase or object pronoun BOTH come after the particle: He got over the breakup.
This is a concise and clear summary of the unit's language points.
