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There are 12 total tenses of the English language, including 3 main tenses (past, present, future) and 4 aspects of each (simple, continuous, perfect, perfect continuous). The present simple tense is used during routine and permanent actions, commentary, directions, headlines, and historical sequences. Ideal activities for the Activate stage include interviews, questionnaires, "A Day in the Life of", and information gap between students. Present continuous, also known as present progressive, uses present simple tense of "to be" plus the present participle of the verb. ("I am learning"), which can also be contracted. The four general groups of non-progressives are senses, feelings, mental actions, and possession. Usage includes actions at time of speaking, generalized actions, frequent action, scripts, and developing stories ("it's getting dark"). Ideal activities for the Activate stage include miming, Pictionary, Charades, and simple brainstorming. The present perfect form can be used to describe general experiences of finished actions, past actions which may not have finished or are still true today, or past actions with present results ("I've lost my glasses"). There are two particular rules within this tense- the 'For/Since' rule (Use 'for' for periods of time, and 'since' for points of time), and the 'Been/Gone' rule (Use 'been' for already finished actions, and 'gone' for actions still going on). here are many irregular forms students will have to memorize (Be, go, drink, swim). Activities of the Activate stage can include students finding another student who "has been to Spain" or who "has met a celebrity", or playing a guessing game of which objects in class have been moved/changed. The present perfect continuous can be used for incomplete activity within a time frame, or a recently finished continuous activity with present results ("I've been painting all day to finish the room"). This tense emphasizes the action, not the result. An Activate stage activity can be to instruct students to write down an activity and its result ("I am wet. I have been standing in the rain") while others guess what the action could be. All in all, there are particular rules of thumb to help students in the study process.
