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UNIT 13 TEACHING PRONUNCIATION AND PHONOLOGY Unit 13 emphasizes on the importance of teaching the right pronunciation as well as familiarizing ourselves to the phonetic chart that could serve as a catalyst to a better communication. It has been said that this part of learning the English language is always neglected due to its complicacy but like grammar, set of rules were written as a guideline to speaking any language and pronunciation having set of rules must also given the same credence and importance. I. Phonology - is the study, science analysis and classifications of the physical properties of sound. - it is also used to indicate the whole sound system of a particular language. a. Intonation - is generally considered to be the variation of volume and pitch in a whole sentence. - it carries the message in a sentence. - fundamental in the expression of emotions and is important in questioning, agreeing, disagreeing, and confirming sentences. *The normal pattern of intonation in a statement is the RISE AND FALL INTONATION, it usually means that a speaker is finished with what he or she is saying. *The second common intonation pattern is the FALL AND RISE INTONATION, it is usually an indicator that a speaker is not yet finished with what he or she is saying. *FLAT INTONATION usually means that a speaker is not interested to communicate. TECHNIQUES IN TEACHING INTONATION: >Nonsense words - used to convey attitude using silly or nonsense words, for the students to practice on. >By gesture - giving a clear sweep of the hand in order to indicate the general direction of the rising and falling of a word in a sentence. b. Stress - is concerned with the pronunciation of a word, where to put the stress to rightfully portray what the speaker mean or intend to get out of the communication. RULES ABOUT WORD STRESS: 1. One word has only one stress and can't have two stress unless it is a longer word. 2. We can only stress syllables not individual vowels or consonants. *Stress on first syllable is mostly for two syllable noun and adjective. *Stress on second syllable is mostly for two-syllable verb. *Stress on penultimate syllable for words ending in -ic, -sion and -tion. *Stress on ante-penultimate (third from end) syllable for words ending in -cy, -ty, -phy and -gy, -ive and -al. *Compound nouns stress on first part. *Compound adjective stress on second part. *Auxiliary verbs are rarely stressed. *Articles and pronouns are normally unstressed. TECHNIQUE IN TEACHING STRESS > Contrastive Stress > By Gesture > Choral Work > The Board SOUND JOINING - 4 WAYS THAT SOUNDS JOIN TOGETHER a. linking - Marble Arch becomes marblarch b. Sound Dropping - Bond Street becomes Bon Street c. Sound Changing - Green Park becomes Greem Park d. Extra Lettering - Anna and The King becomes Anner and The King The manner of articulation is also discussed in this unit to further understand the literal way of pronouncing a certain word and to distinguish which speech organ is being used. For example in articulating a sound in an explosive manner, they have what they call PLOSIVE as the air is completely blocked before being released like when we pronounce the letter P or B. Another is when a certain word or letter creates friction in the mouth since there is an obstruction being made and the air is still being forced through like pronouncing f, v, j, s and g, they call these FRICATIVES. NASAL is when air can only escape through the nasal, i.e. m and n. LATERAL is when a letter is pronounced with the ir escaping the side of the tongue rather than on the front. They have the AFFRICATE - a succesion of plosive followed by fricative articulation, i.e. judge and church. Lastly is the APPROXIANT, the narrowing but not blocking the vocal tract by placing the tongue near another vocal tract. The Speech Organs: > The tongue > The larynx > The glotties > The alveolar ridge > The hard palate > The soft palate All these has its designated role to pronunciation and in the unit each of it was discussed and studied upon. Teacher must refer to the unit. Phonetic chart source was also provided for the teacher's access of the right pronunciation.