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In this unit we study techniques for vocabulary teaching and typical ESA vocabulary lesson. I have learnt that Jeremy Harmer stated that ESA stands for Engage, Study, and Activate.
During the Engage phase, the teacher tries to arouse the students' interest and engage their emotions. This might be through a game, the use of a picture, audio recording, video sequence, a dramatic story, or an amusing anecdote. The aim is to arouse the students' interest, curiosity, and attention.
The Study phase activities are those which focus on language or information and how it is constructed. The focus of study could vary from the pronunciation of one particular sound to the techniques an author uses to create excitement in a longer reading text.
In the Activate stage the exercises and activities are designed to get students to use the language as communicatively as they can.
Harmer describes the variations which can be used with the ESA model. He names his default level E.S.A the Straight arrow approach. The first variation is the Boomerang approach: E.A.S.A. It is a task based approach. The Boomerang approach after the Engage (E) phase, gets students to perform a task (A) using all and/or any language they know and only then does the teacher go back to the language Study (S). The Study phase is then undertaken based on what the teacher witnessed in the students' language performance.
The sequences in his 'Patchwork' lessons include all these elements, but can do so more than once and in various orders. A sequence such as E.A.A.S.S.E.S.A would be perfectly possible.
