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In this unit we have examined modal auxiliary verbs and the passive voice in detail, as well as a brief overview of phrasal verbs and relative clauses. The 'modals' are: can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must, have to, have got to, need to, needn't and ought to. They are used before other verbs to add meaning to the main verb. Modals can be used to express a number of different ideas, such as:
? Obligation – I really must go now, my friend's expecting me.
? Possibility/probability – I might go shopping tomorrow.
? Permission/prohibition – You may leave now.
? Ability – I can speak six languages.
? Advice – You should see a doctor about that.
The passive is most frequently used when it is not known, not important, or we don't want to say, exactly who performs an action. E.g. This house was build last year.
A clause is a group of words containing a subject and a verb. There are three categories of clauses:
Independent clause: An independent clause is a complete sentence. It contains the main subject and verb of a sentence.
Dependent clause: A dependent clause is not a complete sentence. It must be connected to an independent clause.
Relative clause: A relative clause is a dependent clause that modifies a noun. It describes, identifies, or gives further information about a noun. It can also be referred to as an adjective clause.
A relative clause is introduced by a relative pronoun: who, which, that, whose, whom, etc or there may be no relative pronoun. There are two types of relative clauses defining and non-defining.
Phrasal verbs, or multi-word verbs, consist of a verb plus one or two particles. (A particle may be a preposition or an adverb, or an adverb plus a preposition.) They operate as one item.
It was interesting for me to look at the grouped sentences and see how the use of modal verbs can change the formality and meaning of the main verb. In some cases there is little or no difference, in others the difference is more notable. I have learnt some teaching ideas as well.
