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In Unit Six, we study the four past tenses and start to compare their structure to the present tenses. I intend to make a summary of the similarities and structures of both the present and past tenses.
The simple tenses are structured with the subject and the base form of the verb.
The difference is that the present verbs adds -s / -es to the verb and the past tense adds -d / -ed.
In the question form, the word 'Did' is used in past tense where the word 'Do/Does' is used for the present.
This is the structure for the past simple tense:
PstS (past simple):
+ (affirmative): subject + base form of verb (+d/ed)
- (negative): subject + auxiliary verb 'Did' + 'not' + base form of verb
? (question): auxiliary verb 'Did' + subject + base form of verb
Usage: completed past actions
The perfect tenses are structured using the verb 'to have' and the past participle of the verb.
The difference is that 'have/has' is used in the present tense and 'had' is used in the past tense.
Here is the structure for the past perfect tense:
PstP (past perfect)
+ : subject + aux. verb 'had' + past participle
- : subject + aux. verb 'had' + not + past participle
? : aux. verb 'had' + subject + past participle
Usage: Past actions completed in the past, viewed by another past moment
The continuous tenses are structured using the verb 'to be' with the -ing form of the verb.
The difference is that 'am/is/are' is used in the present tense and 'was/were' is used in the past,
Here is the structure for the past continuous tense:
PstC (past continuous)
+: subject + aux.verb 'was/were' + verb&ing
-: subject + aux.verb 'was/were' + not + verb&ing
?: aux verb 'was/were' + subject + verb&ing
Usage:Actions in progress at a time in the past NO -ING with verbs of state
The perfect continuous tenses are structured using the verb 'to have' (like in the perfect tenses) with 'been' and the -ing form of the verb (like in the continuous tenses).
The difference (like with perfect tense) is 'have/has' is used in the present and 'had' is used in the past.
Here is the structure for the past perfect continuous tense:
PstPC (past perfect continuous)
+: subject + aux. verb 'had' + been + verb&ing
-: subject + aux. verb 'had' + not + been + verb&ing
?: aux. verb 'had' + subject + been + verb&ing
Usage: Action continued over a period of time in the past up until an moment or action in the past.
