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Unit 11 explains the meaning and the uses of the receptive-skills reading and listening,
which, together with the productive-skills of writing and speaking, are the four basic skills needed in any language. Reading and listening are used for either ‘purpose’ or ‘entertainment’ – or sometimes both, depending on one’s needs.
While reading and listening we may also use other sub-skills, such as
prediction (predicting the content of a text by its headline); detailed reading (in order to understand
everything in detail); scanning (for specific information in the text ); skimming (to get
a general overview of the text); deduction (to understand the meaning of words/phrases or
to come to a conclusion) .
When teaching receptive-skills, we must consider potential problems for our students,
such as how the article is structured, the length of the sentences, reading word for word and unfamiliar words, all of which make understanding the text more difficult.
However, when reading, the text can be re-read several times so problems can be solved
more easily, whereas when listening, the text can be heard only once. Here the problems can be the flow of information, the speed of speech or the speaker's accent, which make the dialogue more difficult for the students to understand.
To avoid these difficulties, we can use different strategies. We can pre-teach vocabulary and grammar and we can choose the texts and the topic carefully to ensure that they will be of interest to the students. We need to create that interest before the students start reading and give them the opportunity to say what they know about the topic.
