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Modal Auxiliary verbs
Basic rules
The modals are:
Can, could, might, shall, should, will, would, must, have to, have got to, need to, needn’t, and ought to.
It can be use to express:
• Obligation
• Possibility/Probability
• Permission/ Prohibition
• Ability
• Advice
• Different degrees of formality
Modals verbs don’t change according to person.
Modals verbs are followed by a verb in its base form (present and future).Use modals to express ideas in the past is more complicated because it can have different meanings depending on the situation.
Passive voice:
In the passive the object of an active verb becomes the subject of the passive verb.
In the active voice the focus is on the agent.
Only transitive verbs are used in the passive.
Relative clauses
A clause is a group of words containing subject and verb.
It can be divided in three categories:
Independent clause: An independent clause is a complete sentence (main subject + verb).
Dependent clause: It is not completed, must be connected to the previous.
Relative clause: A relative clause is a dependent clause that modifies a noun. It describes, identifies or give further information about a noun. Can be also referred as adjective clause.
A relative clause is introduced by a relative pronoun: who, which, that, whose, whom, etc.
The information given in a defining relative clause is essential to the meaning of the sentence.
The information given in a non-defining relative clause is not essential to the meaning of the sentence.
Phrasal verbs:
It consists of a verb + one or two particles. A particle maybe a preposition or an adverb or an adverb plus a preposition.
Type 1- Intransitive.
Type 2 – Transitive separable. The object pronoun can only come between the verb and the particle.
Type 3- Transitive inseparable. With this type of phrasal verb the object phrase or the object pronoun both come after the particle. This type also includes phrasal verbs that have to particles: an adverb followed by a preposition.
