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Unit 3 focuses on theories of teaching, methodology, techniques and lesson planning. There are various methods that can guide a teacher into how they want to present and teach the language to the learners. Some of the more common methods are the PPP (Presentation, Practice, Production), the grammar translation, the task-based learning and the communicative language teaching. When the teacher knows with methodology to follow they have to plan their lesson and an effective way to do that is by following the engage-study-activate approach. In the first step, the teacher entices, motivates and warms up students for the lesson ahead using certain activities to do that. The second step is to introduce the new content and to practice it with working sheets, text analysis, etc. The last stage- activate, allows the learners to practice whatever they know, but also the new content they learned in the study stage. According to the type of lesson, the level of the students and the difficulty of the content, we are free to choose whether we want a straightforward, a boomerang or a patchwork ESA lesson. The unit ends with a section on feedback and how to give it. Giving feedback, whether positive or constructive is very important, but it shouldn't be used all the time. The study and activate stage should be the ones where feedback is given, whereas the engage stage should be the one where we observe the mistakes and errors of the learners. However, there are different types of feedback and sometimes we should let the students correct themselves, or let other students give the correct answer.
This unit has been very helpful in showing me how a lesson can be planned. I have not had much experience doing it, so the introduction of the ESA method, including examples how to engage the students, is the type of input that I need in order to activate that creative part of teaching in me.
