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This unit explained modals, phrasal verbs and passive voice. Modal auxiliary verbs express the speakers’ feelings or attitude as well as differing degrees of formality. Modal verbs express ability, advice, deduction, obligation, possibility and give us the means to offer, give permission, prohibit, predict, promise, or make a request. The modals include may, might, need to, must, have to, have got to, should/ought to, can, could, be able to, and would. These don’t change form according to person and are followed in the very at its base form. English usually has two voices, an active voice and a passive voice. The active voice might read, “My brother ate the last cookie,” where as the passive voice would say, “The last cookie was eaten by my brother”. When using the passive voice, the object of the active verb becomes the subject of the passive verb, but still has the same meaning. In this voice the “doer” is less important, so we use this when it is not known, not important or we don’t have to say who performs the action. It uses transitive verbs like sell, take, buy, write, etc. The form is auxiliary verb “be” (as per the proper tense) + past participle. Phrasal verbs are multi-word verbs, usually the verb plus one or two articles that may be a preposition, an adverb, or a preposition and an adverb. There are three basic types: Intransitive, transitive separable, and transitive inseparable. Intransitive phrasal verbs cannot be followed by a direct object (She didn’t turn up). Transitive separable phrasal verbs have an object pronoun which can only come between the verb and the particle and an object noun that can come between those or at the end of the particle. With transitive inseparable phrasal verbs, the object phase or object pronoun comes after the particle, and includes an adverb followed by a preposition. Finally, this unit explains 3 different types of relative clauses as well as defining and non-defining clauses. A clause is a group of words that contain a subject and a verb, and an independent clause is a complex sentence that is just that. Dependent clauses are not complex and must be connected to an independent clause, and relative clauses is a dependent clause that modifies a noun. This describes, identifies or gives further information about a noun. Relative clauses are introduced by a relative pronoun such as who, which, etc. There are two kinds of relative clauses, defining relative clauses, which gives essential information, and non-defining clauses, in which the information is not essential. These sentences usually have that non-essential information in commas. My brother who lives in Ontario is coming to visit me. (Defining) My brother, who lives in Ontario, is coming to visit me. (Non-defining)