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The Unit 16 explained about the Conditionals and and Reported speech in the English Language.Conditionals contains if or when which refer to the present,past and future tenses.The "if" clause is the condition and the "main clause" as the consequence.There are five main conditionals,they are the Zero conditional,used to talk about situations that are always true like Scientific facts,general truths and issues that are certain to happen,it is in the form of if/when + present tense,present tense.Next,is the First conditional,it talks about the real situation in the future that is possible once the condition has been satisfied,It is in the form of if + present simple,will.The Second conditional is to communicate a present or future hypothetical situation that is presently unreal,it is in the form of if + past simple.would,could,might + base form verb.The Third conditional refers to hypothetical past action and past consequence, as the action is purely hypothetical,the condition could never have been satisfied,this is in the form of if + past perfect,would,could,might + have + past participle.Lastly is the mixed conditionals which is mainly used for hypothetical past actions and hypothetical present consequence,it is a combination of a second conditional clause with a third conditional clause and is form as if + past perfect + would base form.Teaching ideas for this conditional can be like chain conditionals,nuclear bunker role play,etc.I have learnt also in this unit regarding the use of Direct and Reported/indirect speech.In this section we have to be aware and get use when it comes to back shifting the tense,Pronoun and Time changes to effectively change a direct speech to a reported speech which means to say what somebody else have said.As for the student it will be really confusing to make this changes but as a teacher it will be a big help to be so familiar with the tense changes like Present simple to Past simple,Present continuous to Past Continuous,Present perfect to Past perfect,Present perfect continuous to Past perfect continuous,Past simple to Past perfect,Past continuous to Past perfect continuous,while the past perfect and past perfect continuous of the Direct speech will remain the same as it change to a reported speech and lastly will to would,could or might.When it comes to changing the time we don't have to use the same time expression,all we have to consider is that the word that we are going to use will not be so far from the time given as well as word that we use in reported speech like said,asked and told we can also have other choices of word to report a Direct speech.
