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Unit 18 covered modal auxiliary verbs, phrasal verbs, relative and non-relative clauses, and passive and active voice.
Modal auxiliary verbs are verbs that express the speaker's feelings toward a statement, the certainty of a statement, and the formality of a statement, etc.. There are nine main modal auxiliary verbs: can, could, may, might, must, should, shall, will, and would. These verbs can be used for many reasons, such as, probability, ability, advice, or permission. An example of a sentence using a modal auxiliary verb for advice is, “You should go to the doctor.” The meaning of the advice statement is different than “You could go to the doctor” because the second sentence gives more room for the recipient's choice in the matter.
The subject I learned the most about, particularly from the video, is the concept of active and passive voice. The active voice has a structure of agent/subject+verb+object/recipient of action. Before I watched the video, I struggled to understand which is the object verses which is the subject and why it is that each part falls under the category it is given. The video used term that brought a lot of clarification for me, which is, "receiver of action." This allowed me to differentiate between subject and object because the object is who the verb action is done to. The passive voice has a structure of object+ be + past participle+ subject. The important piece of information, I find, to identifying the passive voice is the use of be +past participate as it is easier to find sometimes that the subject and object.
Phrasal verbs are multi-word verbs, such as, turn off, get off, turn up, or took on. There are three types of phrasal verbs: intransitive verbs, transitive separable, and transitive inseparable. Intransitive verbs are ones that can't be followed by a direct object, while transitive separable, can be separated, such as, 'she turned up the radio' and 'she turned the radio up." Transitive inseparable are verbs that can't be separated into two, such as the phrasal verb went off.
The final subject covered is relative and non-relative clauses. Relative clauses are clauses where all the information is important to the meaning of the subject, while non-relative clauses contain information that not crucial to the understanding of the sentence. An example of a non-relative clause is, 'my best friend, who I met in second grade, is getting married this weekend.'
