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Unit 4 explains the four present tenses in the English language and how best to teach them. The tenses are: present simple, present continuous, present perfect, present perfect continuous.
The present simple is the base form or, in the third person singular, base form + (e)s. It is used for facts/permanent situations, habits/routines, commentaries, instructions and newspaper headlines (among others). It can be taught by activities like talking about your daily life, giving instructions or talking about professions.
The present continuous is the auxiliary verb be + the present participle (base form + ing). It is used to describe actions in progress, temporary actions that do not necessarily take place right now, very frequent actions and developing situations (among others). It can be taught for example by miming or showing pictures of actions or Pictionary.
The present perfect is formed by the auxiliary verb have + the past participle (base form + ed). It is used for situations that developed in the past and are still true now, finished actions/states that happened at an indefinite time, completed past actions in this period of time, or past actions with present results. This tense can be taught by a miming game about what you have done today or making changes to the room and have people guess what has changed.
The present perfect continuous is formed by the auxiliary verb have + been + present participle. It can be used to describe how long an incomplete activity has been going on or a recently finished activity with a present result. It can be taught by guessing past activities from present results or surveying the class to find out who has been doing something the longest.
