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The past tense has four forms: Past simple past perfect, past continuous, and past perfect continuous. The past simple form is used when the time is known, talked about, happened at an unmentioned but definite time, or asking a question. The affirmative adds ed/d to the base form of the verb, the negative adds did not/didn't followed by the base form of the verb, and the question tense adds did plus the subject before the base form of the verb. There are many common verbs that don't follow this rule and one(to be) that has two forms(was[singular]/were[plural]). Good exercises might be irregular present-past verb card matching games, discuss past trips/holidays, or role-play interview the students.
The past perfect forms all contain some form of the verb 'to have' and the past participle form of the verb. Past perfect describes completed past actions. Exercises could be having students tell stories backwards and describe what happened before or give students a situation that they are in and have them think of reasons why this might have happened.
The past continuous forms have some form of the verb 'to be' and the 'ing' form of the main verb. It is used to describe a gradual occurrence that happened an unspecified time in the past, to express past actions that began before and are possibly continual, for interrupted past actions, or to describe something. Since students often omit the 'to be' verb and the 'ing' form of the main verb, perhaps playing detective games with the students or having storytelling time using the past simple and past continuous forms.
The past perfect continuous forms all have some variation of the auxiliary verb 'to have', plus 'been' and the 'ing' form of the verb. This form is used to talk about long actions that continued up to the time we are thinking about. Students often omit one or both auxiliary verbs and/or omit the 'ing' for the main verb. They may also have problems confusing the usages of each past tense.
