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The tenses are an extremely difficult area of learning for English students, so we begin with the present tenses.
The present simple tense adds and s/es to the base form of the verb. The present simple negative adds the auxiliary verb 'do', not, and the base form of the verb. The question tense begins with the auxiliary verb 'do' and is followed by the subject and the base form of the verb. The Present tense is used to talk about habits, directions, present stories, historical sequence, commentaries, newspaper headlines, or facts. During the activate stage of the lesson, a couple teaching exercises could be questionnaires that students ask other students or perhaps the students play a game of twenty questions to discover the chosen profession of one of the students.
The present continuous tense is constructed by the present simple tense of the auxiliary verb to be and the present participle. The present continuous negative is made by the present simple tense of the auxiliary verb to be, not, and the present participle. The question tense begins with the auxiliary verb 'be', then the subject, which is followed by the present participle. The present continuous tense is used to talk about an action that's in progress at the time of speaking, to refer to a regular acion around a point of time, to emphasize very frequent actions, for background events in a present story, to describe developing situations, or to talk about a temporary action that is not necessarily in progress at the time of speaking. Having students get into teams and having them guess which actions are mimed or having the students guess which present continuous sentence someone is drawing on the board are a couple of ideas for the activate stage of the lesson.
The present perfect tense relates the past to the present by using the auxiliary verb 'have' plus the past participle. The present perfect negative is made by using the auxiliary verb 'have', not, and the past participle. The question tense is made with the auxiliary verb 'have' plus a subject plus the past participle. The present perfect is used when talking abut finished actions/states that happened at an indefinite time, when talking about completed past actions carried out in an unfinished time period at the time of speaking, when talking about something which began in the past and is still true now at the time of speaking, or when we describe past actions with present results. Some activate stage ideas may include role-playing or having a few students leave the room and then change the room in several places and have the returning students guess what was done.
The present perfect continuous is constructed with a subject and the auxiliary verb 'have', been, plus the verb+ing. The present perfect continuous negative tense is made with the auxiliary verb 'have', been, and the verb+ing. The question tense is made with the auxiliary verb 'have', the subject, been, and the verb+ing. The present perfect continuous is used to communicate an incomplete and ongoing activity when we want to say how long it has continued and describe a recently finished, uninterrupted activity which has a present result. A couple of activate stage ideas for lessons could be giving a student with a past activity and a result on it, the student tells the others the result and they guess the question or have each student write surveys finding out who's done what the longest.
