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There are 4 basic skills in any language. They are classified as receptive skills (reading and listening) and productive skills (writing and speaking). Not always all the skills can be worked in a class, but the teacher should try working on these as much as possible. Considering this, we need to think about what reasons and motives for students to want to read and listen in another language. Some reasons are the purposes they may have, to travel and be able to read a map, to try a recipe from a different country, for example, even for their own entertainment like watching their favorite TV show with no subtitles, to play their favorite video game and understand what the story is about, etc.
The teacher has to select carefully the reading materials to the students, it has to be something that the students may have an interest, something that catch their attention. That could be authentic materials, when the students will have to elicit the meaning and context on their own or non-authentic materials, when the students read texts that are specific for their level, that is designed for them which gives them more confidence. The teacher also has to prevent some vocabulary problem going over the essential words for their understanding, but be careful to not give every single word or the students will think they have to translate everthing to be able to understand the context.
People have this ability called pre-existing knowledge in their minds. Whatever they know previously, how they see the world, their experiences, it will help them understand things about their surroundings, specially how to interpret texts. There are different ways to read a text:
-Predictive skills is when we can predict the content from a headline or from a title.
-Scanning is when we can get to the specific information, when we go straight to the point.
-Skimming is when we do not pay attention to all the words written or said but to try to get a general understanding of the content.
-Detailed information is when we read all the details to fully understand the content.
-Deduction from context is when we deduce the meaning of individual word or phrase, to go beyond what is said or written.
