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In this unit I learned there are five types of conditional statements. The first is the zero conditional, which is used for statements that are facts. It’s formed as if/when + present tense, present tense. For example, if you heat ice, it melts. The first conditional is used for a real situation in the future that is possible or probable. It’s formed as if + present simple, will. For example, if iI get paid tomorrow, I will go shopping. The second conditional is used for present or future hypothetical situations that are currently not true and unlikely to ever be true. It’s formed as if + past simple, would/could/might, base form. For example, if I had the ability to read minds, I would go crazy. The third conditional used for past hypothetical situations and the hypothetical result or consequence. It’s formed as if + past perfect, would/could/might + have + past participle. For example, if I had never studied abroad, I might not have ever wanted to work abroad. Lastly there’s the mixed conditional, which mixes the second and third conditionals. It’s used for a hypothetical past action and the hypothetical present consequence. For example, if I had never studied abroad, I wouldn’t be trying to work abroad right now.
Some teaching ideas for conditionals are matching exercises (could be turned into a memory game as well, playing the “what if” game, playing chain conditionals, and other role-play games.
Next the unit covered how to change direct speech into reported speech, which happens when you are reporting what someone else has said at a point in time in the past. This was tricky to learn because how we report while talking can often be different than what is technically correct. But what’s important to remember is it’s never wrong to backswitch the tense, and once I studied the chart of how one tense changes to another, it became easier. It’s important to teach these slowly and to keep it consistent throughout the lesson, otherwise students can easily get confused.
