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In this unit, I learned about conditionals and reported speech. The unit discusses conditional sentences first, which it breaks down into 5 categories. The zero conditional sentence is formed with if or when + present tense, present tense. It is used for actions and facts that are a sure thing, such as "When I eat too much, I get fat." The first conditional sentence is formed with if + present simple, will or other modal verb. It refers to a situation in the future that is possible, probable or sure once a condition has been met, such as "If I ask her to marry me, she might say yes." The second conditional is formed with if + past simple, would/could/might + base verb. It is used to communicate a present or future hypothetical situation that is not true and probably will never be true, such as "If I won the lottery, I would quit my job." The third conditional is formed with if + past perfect + would/could/might + have + past participle. It is used to describe a hypothetical action in the past and its hypothetical past result, such as "If I had studied harder, I could have gotten all A's." The last is the mixed conditional which is formed with if + past perfect, would + base verb. It can refer to a hypothetical past action and a hypothetical present consequence. An example of this would be "If I had married him, I would be miserable now." Next, this unit discusses several different ways to teach conditionals in the classroom. One that I particularly liked was called chain conditionals. This is where the students take turns continuing a conditional sentence. The first student would say something like "If I eat too much candy, I will be sick". Then the next student would say "If I am sick, I will stay home". Then the next student might say "If I stay home, I will watch TV." The second major topic covered by this chapter is reported and direct speech. It talks about the backshifting of verb tenses that takes place when going from direct speech to reported speech. An example is if Mary says, "I love you" in direct speech, this changes to "Mary told me she loved me" in reported speech. Along with this backshifting of verbs comes changes in time expressions, such as if Bob says "I'll see you tomorrow" in direct speech, this becomes "Bob said he would see me the next day" in reported speech. One teaching technique that I found interesting is when the students act as intermediaries between two people who are having a dispute. In this case, one of the parties of the dispute says a sentence, then the intermediary has to communicate what that person said to the other party. Then the other party says something which needs to be communicated by the intermediary to the first party.
