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In this unit, I learned about teaching productive skills, i.e., speaking and writing. Although very different skills, they are both used to communicate. The unit points out that in order to motivate students to communicate, teachers should try to design activities that create the need and desire to communicate. The techniques for teaching speaking and writing are broken down into accuracy activities and fluency activities. The accuracy activities are normally used during the study phase of the lesson, while the fluency activities are normally part of the activate phase. With regard to speaking accuracy, the unit breaks the activities down into three categories. These are activities controlled by the teacher such as drilling and prompting, activities where the teacher guides the students such as model dialogues and guided role-play, and creative activities with output controlled by the students according to a scenario created by the teacher such as information gaps and communication games. This unit also talked about how a teacher can motivate students to speak in English during a lesson. This can be done by using techniques such as pair and group work, a lot of controlled practice before fluency activities, and making speaking activities purposeful to the students where they need to communicate to get necessary information. Also, students in a class where the teacher is enthusiastic, encouraging and gives positive feedback with gentle correction will be less intimidated and more likely to participate in class. With regard to writing, this unit discusses additional challenges for the teacher such as handwriting or letter formation, spelling, formal versus informal layouts, and punctuation. To encourage the students to want to write, the teacher should try to generate interest in the topic by doing such things as showing pictures or videos, or having students brainstorm about what they already know about the topic. The last subject discussed in this unit is using communication games in the classroom as a way to get students to practice English in the activate phase of the lesson. Before playing the games, it is helpful to the students for the teacher to supply them with phrases or sentence stems that might be useful while playing the game.
