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In this unit, I learned about the four different forms of the present tense. They are the present simple, the present continuous, the present perfect, and the present perfect continuous. I learned that mastering the differences between these tenses may be difficult for those learning English as a foreign language. The unit gives an overview of these four tenses with regard to how they are formed grammatically, their various uses, activities to use for teaching them in the classroom, as well as some common mistakes that students often make with regard to using these tenses. The first tense, the present simple, is formed in the affirmative by using a subject plus verb base form/s or es. Two examples are I work/he works and I teach/he teaches. The present simple is used to describe things like routines and facts, such as "I go to school every morning." One activity for teaching the present simple tense is "Find someone who...", where students have to ask questions of their classmates trying to find someone who answers yes to a question like "Do you play the piano?" The second tense, the present continuous, is formed in the affirmative with a subject plus the auxiliary verb "be" plus the base verb plus ing. An example of this tense is "I am working." The present continous tense is used for things such as describing actions currently in progress or emphasizing frequent actions, such as "He's always saying he loves me." One activity for teaching the present continuous mentioned in the unit is using charts or graphs to talk about developing situations. One sentence using this tense that might be elicited from the students might be "Teens are spending more and more time texting." The third tense talked about in the unit is the present perfect. This tense is formed in the affirmative by using a subject plus auxiliary verb have plus past participle. Two uses of the present perfect tense are to describe finished actions that happened at an indefinite time, such as "She has eaten a bug"; and to talk about a past action with present results, such as "I have lost my glasses." One activity for teaching the present perfect tense in class might be to have students role play a job interview with questions such as "How many years have you worked there?" The fourth tense mentioned in this unit was the present perfect continuous tense. This tense is formed grammatically in the affirmative by using a subject plus auxiliary verb have plus been plus verb plus ing. One use of this tense would be to describe a recently finished uninterrupted activity with a present result, such as "I'm hungry because I've been running around all day." One activity which might be used with students to learn the present perfect continuous tense would be students conducting surveys of their classmates to find out how long they have been doing something, eliciting questions from them such as "How long have you been learning English?", and answers such as "I have been learning English for 1 year."
